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Die cutting machines, embossers and hot foil machines all belong to the category of Printing machines on Exapro. Below, individual subcategories of machines are described in greater details.

Embossers

Paper embossing is used to create raised relief patterns and designs on paper and cardboard. Embossers provide a raised effect on a selected sheet of paper. Two dies are used in combination to create a raised and recessed surface. Those 2 dies fit into one another and the embossing procedure goes as follows. When the paper is pressed between the dies, the raised die is forcing the stock into recessed die. This is how the three dimensional impression is created. Pressure squeezes paper fibers to make them permanently raise in certain areas.

Hot foil stamping machines are placed in one category with embossing machines or embossers, since they are often used in combination.

A specific level of pressure is applied to the dies in order to squeeze the fibers of the paper, which results in a permanently raised area in the paper.When the dies are produced, a die maker engraves the desired image into several metal plates, which are the embossing dies for use on an embossing press. A thorough understanding the process will enable a more successful result. Generally, embossing is the process most often employed to attract attention or convey a high quality textural contrast in relation to the surrounding area of the paper stock.

Embossing is basically used to create a distinctive effect. The greatest concern and emphasis on the client's behalf should be placed on the outcome of the embossed effect. In order to achieve the best possible effect, it is important to understand the embossing process and the types of dies that are used for embossing.The three factors that need to be controlled during the embossing process are:

1. Pressure: the intensity of the impact on the weight of the stock being embossed.
2. Heat: the ability to maintain a consistent heat level for the best impression.
3. Die depth: the client's artwork or the engraver's efforts will initially determine the die depth, however, if by looking at the artwork it appears that an adjustment of the die depth may be necessary, the die may need to be retooled to achieve a greater depth. Most types of paper can be embossed, and size is not normally a consideration. Embossing without ink, so that the image is raised but not colored, is called "blind embossing". Embossing used in conjunction with ink, so that the raised area is colored, is called "color register embossing". Embossing used in conjunction with foil stamping is called "combination stamping" or "combo stamping".

Embossing involves a separate stage in the production process, after any varnishing and laminating. It requires a separate press run, and is priced accordingly. In addition to being used as a design element, embossing can be used to improve the performance of paper products like napkins, diapers, and tissue paper.

Die cutting

Die cutting can be described as a process of cutting different shapes out of paper, foil, rubber, cloth etc. Also called shearing, die cutting process is applied for low-strength materials only, such as paperboard, fiber, tape or foam. First invented in the middle of the 19th century, nowadays die cutting technique is sophisticated enough to allow cutting through a layer of laminate. Among the most common items manufactured using die cutting technique are labels, stamps, stickers and even envelopes.

Rotary die cutting

There is a special name for die cutting performed using a cylindrical die on a rotary press - it's called rotary die cutting. What's the difference between rotary and normal die cutting? In rotary die cutting a long sheet of material is fed through the press into a working area. Working area holds a rotary tool responsible for cutting shapes out of the material. It can also make perforations in the material or cut it into smaller pieces.

Related subcategories

• Paper and board machines - Sheeters / cut size
• Paper and board machines - Winders / rewinders / unwinders / slitters